Stockholm Convention
- The Stockholm Convention aims to protect human health and the environment from the harmful effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs).
- It is adopted in 2001 and enforced in 2004
- Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are carbon-based organic chemical substances that persist for extended periods in the environment, accumulating and magnifying in living organisms, making them hazardous to both humans and wildlife.
- India has signed and ratified the Stockholm Convention.
- India has recently opposed the inclusion of Chlorpyrifos, a hazardous insecticide, under the Stockholm Convention.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
- mtDNA is a circular chromosome located inside mitochondria, the energy-producing organelles in cells.
- Mitochondria are the only organelles in cells with their own genetic material, separate from nuclear DNA.
- mtDNA is inherited exclusively from the mother, not the father. producing organelles in cells.
Nipah Virus (NiV)
- It is a zoonotic virus, meaning it spreads from animals to humans.
- Transmission can also occur through contaminated food or direct contact with infected individuals.
- Nipah virus is an RNA virus.
- Fruit bats are the primary natural hosts.
- The virus is present in their urine, feces, saliva, and birthing fluids.
- It has also been detected in domestic animals like pigs, dogs, cats, goats, horses, and sheep